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        <td class="header">&nbsp; Orientation Angle Correction<br>
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<h3>Orientation Angle Correction Operator</h3>If the norm vector of the
ground surface is in the incidence plane, then there is no orientation
angle shift induced. However, if the surface norm is not in the
incidence plane, then orientation angle shift <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"
                                                    lang="EN-US"><i style="">&#952;</i></span> is induced. This operator
estimates the orientation angle shift <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"
                                            lang="EN-US"><i style="">&#952;</i></span> using the circular polarization
method and removes it from the polarimetric data.<br>
<br>
The backscattering from reciprocal media with the rotation of an orientation angle <span
        style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="EN-US"><i style="">&#952;</i></span> is
given by<br>
<br>

<div style="margin-left: 80px;"><img style="width: 341px; height: 52px;" alt=""
                                     src="images/orientationAngleCorrectionOp_eq1.jpg"><br>
</div>
<br><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="EN-US">Define three circular
polarization components as the follows</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"
                                                   lang="EN-US">Define three circular
polarization components as the follows:</span>&nbsp; <br>

<div style="margin-left: 80px;"><img style="width: 288px; height: 85px;" alt=""
                                     src="images/orientationAngleCorrectionOp_eq2.jpg"><br>
</div>
<span lang="EN-US"><br>
Then the circular polarization components for the orientation
     angle rotated backscattering are given by</span>

<br>

<div style="margin-left: 80px;"><img style="width: 166px; height: 90px;" alt=""
                                     src="images/orientationAngleCorrectionOp_eq3.jpg"><br>
</div>
<br>
It can be seen that<br>

<div style="margin-left: 80px;"><img style="width: 169px; height: 36px;" alt=""
                                     src="images/orientationAngleCorrectionOp_eq4.jpg">&nbsp; <br>
</div>
<br>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="EN-US">It can be shown that
&lt;<i style="">S<sub>RR</sub>S<sup>*</sup><sub>LL</sub></i>&gt;
is real, therefore, the orientation angle shift <i style="">&#952;</i> can be derived from the phase in the above equation</span>:<br>

<div style="margin-left: 80px;"><img style="width: 252px; height: 81px;" alt=""
                                     src="images/orientationAngleCorrectionOp_eq5.jpg"><br>
</div>

<h4>Input and Output</h4>
<ul>
    <li>The
        input to this operator can be covariance
        matrix (C3 or C4) or coherency
        matrix (T3 or T4) generated by Polarimetric Matrix Generation operator.
    </li>
    <li>The output of this operator is coherency matrix T3.</li>
</ul>
<ol>
</ol>
<h4>Parameters Used</h4>&nbsp;&nbsp; No processing parameter is required for this operator.<br><br>

<p> Reference:&nbsp;</p>

<p>[1] Jong-Sen Lee and Eric Pottier, Polarimetric Radar Imaging: From Basics to Applications, CRC Press, 2009</p>


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